![]() Welcome to "A Visual Interpretation of The Table of Elements", the most striking version of the periodic table on the web. Images © Murray Robertson 1999-2011 Text © The Royal Society of Chemistry 1999-2011 Political stability of top reserve holderĪ percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply.Ī percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. The percentage of an element produced in the top producing country. Low = substitution is possible with little or no economic and/or performance impact Medium = substitution is possible but there may be an economic and/or performance impact High = substitution not possible or very difficult. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply. The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. The number of atoms of the element per 1 million atoms of the Earth’s crust. This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores. The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from different languages and naming systems.ĭata for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey.Īn integrated supply risk index from 1 (very low risk) to 10 (very high risk). Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average.Ītoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase.ĭensity is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm 3 at room temperature. The temperature at which the liquid–gas phase change occurs. The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right.Įlements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell.Ī horizontal row in the periodic table. Received the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1911.A vertical column in the periodic table. ![]() Polonium and radium, Marie Curie (her husband by then being dead) In December 1898 theyĭetected another, which they called radium because of its intenseįor their work on radioactivity, the Curies shared the Nobel Prizeįor physics with Becquerel (see 1896) in 1903. Polonium after Marie Curie's native land. In July 1898 the Curies detected such an element, which they called It seemed to her that the ores must contain otherĮlements (in small quantities or they would have been discoveredĮarlier) that were much more intensely radioactive than uranium. Ores produced far more radioactivity than could be accounted for by the Radioactive only to the extent that uranium was present, some uranium She also discovered that although pure uranium compounds were always Phenomenon, so that it could be said that both uranium and thorium were Produced radiations, and she coined the term radioactivity for the In 1898 Marie Curie showed that thorium, another heavy metal, also Marie and Pierre Curie continued to work on the radiations produced ![]() ![]() MLA style: "Polonium and radium." The Free Library.
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